Fizika (13.05.2025) 1-smena

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Fizika formulalar varaqasi / Лист формул по физике

Doimiy fizik kattaliklar / Физические постоянные

Kattalik	Qiymati
Erkin tushish tezlanishi	$g \approx 10\ \text{m/s}^2$
Gravitatsiya doimiysi	$G = \frac{20}{3}\cdot10^{-11}\ \frac{\text{N}\cdot\text{m}^2}{\text{kg}^2}$
Universal gaz doimiysi	$R = 8{,}31\ \text{J/(mol}\cdot\text{K)}$
Bolsman doimiysi	$k = 1{,}38\cdot10^{-23}\ \text{J/K}$
Avogadro soni	$N_A = 6\cdot10^{23}\ \text{mol}^{-1}$
Elementar zaryad	$e = 1{,}6\cdot10^{-19}\ \text{C}$
Kulon qonuni koeffitsiyenti	$k = 9\cdot10^{9}\ \frac{\text{N}\cdot\text{m}^2}{\text{C}^2}$
Elektr doimiysi	$\varepsilon_0 = 8{,}85\cdot10^{-12}\ \frac{\text{F}}{\text{m}}$
Magnit doimiysi	$\mu_0 = 4\pi\cdot10^{-7}\ \text{N/A}^2$
Yorug'likning vakuumdagi tezligi	$c = 3\cdot10^{8}\ \text{m/s}$
Plank doimiysi	$h = 4{,}125\cdot10^{-15}\ \text{eV}\cdot\text{s}$
Plank doimiysi	$h = 6{,}6\cdot10^{-34}\ \text{J}\cdot\text{s}$

O'nli old qo'shimchalar / Десятичные приставки

Old qo'shimcha	Ko'paytuvchi
T — tera	$10^{12}$
G — giga	$10^{9}$
M — mega	$10^{6}$
k — kilo	$10^{3}$
d — detsi	$10^{-1}$
c — santi	$10^{-2}$
m — milli	$10^{-3}$
$\mu$ — mikro	$10^{-6}$
n — nano	$10^{-9}$
p — piko	$10^{-12}$

Mexanika / Механика

v=\frac{\Delta S}{\Delta t};\quad a=\frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t};\quad S=v_0t+\frac{at^2}{2};\quad \omega=\frac{\Delta\varphi}{\Delta t};\quad \varepsilon=\frac{\Delta\omega}{\Delta t};\quad \varphi=\omega_0t+\frac{\varepsilon t^2}{2};

\omega=2\pi\nu;\quad v=\omega r;\quad \nu\cdot T=1;\quad v=v_0\pm gt;\quad h=v_0t\pm\frac{gt^2}{2};

v_{0x}=v_0\cos\alpha;\quad v_{0y}=v_0\sin\alpha;\quad t_u=\frac{2v_{0y}}{g};\quad h_{max}=\frac{v_{0y}^2}{2g};\quad S=v_{0x}\cdot t_u;

\vec{a}=\vec{a}_\tau+\vec{a}_n;\quad a_n=\frac{v^2}{r};\quad m=\rho V;\quad \vec{a}=\frac{\vec{F}}{m};\quad \vec{F}_1=-\vec{F}_2;\quad F_{el}=-k\Delta\ell;

a=g(\sin\alpha\pm\mu\cos\alpha);\quad \vec{p}=m\vec{v};\quad \vec{F}\Delta t=\Delta\vec{p};\quad E_k=\frac{mv^2}{2};

M=F\ell;\quad F_1\ell_1=F_2\ell_2;\quad F_{ish}=\mu N;\quad N=\frac{A}{t}=\vec{F}\vec{v};

A=FS\cos\alpha;\quad E_p=mgh;\quad E_k+E_p=\text{const};\quad \vec{P}=m(\vec{g}-\vec{a});

g=\frac{GM}{R^2};\quad v_1=\sqrt{gR};\quad v_2=\sqrt{2gR};\quad x=A\cdot\sin(\omega t+\varphi_0);\quad v=\sqrt{\frac{T}{\rho_{ch}}};

v=\sqrt{\frac{E}{\rho}};\quad \omega=\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}};\quad T=2\pi\sqrt{\frac{m}{k}};\quad \omega=\sqrt{\frac{g}{\ell}};\quad T=2\pi\sqrt{\frac{\ell}{g}};\quad \Delta\ell=\ell-\ell_0;

\varepsilon=\frac{\Delta\ell}{\ell_0};\quad k=\frac{ES}{\ell_0};\quad F_A=\rho_sV_bg;\quad p=\rho gh;\quad S_1v_1=S_2v_2;

V_b=\frac{\rho_jV_j}{\rho_s};\quad p+\rho gh+\frac{\rho v^2}{2}=\text{const}.

Molekulyar fizika / Молекулярная физика

\nu=\frac{N}{N_A}=\frac{m}{M};\quad n=\frac{N}{V};\quad d=\sqrt[3]{\frac{VM}{mN_A}};\quad \rho=nm_0;

p=\frac{2}{3}n\bar{E}_k=\frac{1}{3}\rho\bar{v}^2=nkT;\quad \bar{E}_k=\frac{m_0\bar{v}^2}{2}=\frac{3}{2}kT;

\bar{v}=\sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}}=\sqrt{\frac{3kT}{m_0}};\quad T=t+273;

pV=\nu RT;\quad p=\frac{\rho}{M}RT;\quad \frac{pV}{T}=\text{const};\quad Q=\Delta U+A;

A=p\Delta V;\quad \Delta U=\frac{3}{2}(p_2V_2-p_1V_1)=\frac{3}{2}\nu RT;\quad C=\frac{Q}{T_2-T_1};

c=\frac{Q}{m(T_2-T_1)};\quad \lambda=\frac{Q}{m};\quad r=\frac{Q}{m};\quad q=\frac{Q}{m};

\eta=\frac{Q_1-Q_2}{Q_1}\cdot100\ \%=\frac{T_1-T_2}{T_1}\cdot100\ \%;\quad F=\sigma l;

\sigma=\frac{F}{S};\quad \sigma=E|\varepsilon|;\quad W=\sigma S;\quad h=\frac{2\sigma}{\rho gr};\quad \Delta p=\frac{2\sigma}{R};

\rho=\frac{m}{V};\quad \varphi=\frac{\rho}{\rho_0}\cdot100\ \%=\frac{p}{p_0}\cdot100\ \%.

Elektr va magnetizm / Электричество и магнетизм

F=\frac{k|qQ|}{\varepsilon r^2};\quad E=\frac{k|Q|}{\varepsilon r^2};\quad F=qE;\quad \varphi=\frac{kQ}{\varepsilon r};\quad W_p=q\varphi;

E=\frac{\varphi_1-\varphi_2}{d};\quad A=q(\varphi_1-\varphi_2);\quad W_{el}=\frac{qU}{2};\quad C=\frac{\varepsilon\varepsilon_0S}{d};\quad q=CU;

W=\frac{\varepsilon\varepsilon_0E^2}{2};\quad C_p=C_1+C_2+\cdots+C_N;\quad \frac{1}{C_{k-k}}=\frac{1}{C_1}+\frac{1}{C_2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{C_N};

E=\frac{U}{d}=\frac{\sigma}{\varepsilon\varepsilon_0};\quad I=\frac{U}{R};\quad Q=I^2Rt;\quad P=IU;\quad I=ne\bar{v}S;\quad j=\frac{I}{S};

q=It;\quad E=\rho j;\quad R=\frac{\rho l}{S};\quad R=R_0(1+\alpha\Delta t);\quad R_{k-k}=R_1+R_2+\cdots+R_N;

\frac{1}{R_p}=\frac{1}{R_1}+\frac{1}{R_2}+\cdots+\frac{1}{R_N};\quad \mathcal{E}=\frac{A_{chet}}{q};\quad I=\frac{\mathcal{E}}{R+r};\quad \eta=\frac{R}{R+r}=\frac{U}{\mathcal{E}};

I_a=kU^{\frac{3}{2}};\quad T=2\pi\sqrt{LC};\quad \omega=\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}};\quad W=\frac{q^2}{2C}+\frac{LI^2}{2};

Z=\sqrt{R^2+\left(\omega L-\frac{1}{\omega C}\right)^2};\quad I=\frac{U}{Z};\quad \cos\varphi=\frac{R}{Z};\quad P=I^2R=IU\cos\varphi;

I=\frac{I_0}{\sqrt{2}};\quad U=\frac{U_0}{\sqrt{2}};\quad B=\frac{\mu_0I}{2\pi R};\quad B=\frac{\mu_0I}{2R};\quad F=\frac{\mu\mu_0I_1I_2}{2\pi d}l;

F_A=BIl\sin\alpha;\quad F_L=qvB\sin\alpha;\quad R=\frac{mv}{qB};\quad T=\frac{2\pi m}{qB};\quad \omega=\frac{qB}{m};

\Phi=NBS\cos\alpha;\quad \Phi=LI;\quad W=\frac{\Phi I}{2}=\frac{LI^2}{2};\quad \mathcal{E}=-\frac{\Delta\Phi}{\Delta t}=-L\frac{\Delta I}{\Delta t}.

Optika, kvant, atom va yadro fizikasi. Nisbiylik nazariyasi

n=\frac{c}{v}=\sqrt{\varepsilon\mu};\quad \frac{\sin\alpha}{\sin\beta}=\frac{n_2}{n_1};\quad \pm\frac{1}{F}=\frac{1}{d}\pm\frac{1}{f};\quad D=\pm\frac{1}{F};

k=\frac{f}{d};\quad \frac{1}{F}=\left(\frac{n_l}{n_m}-1\right)\left(\pm\frac{1}{R_1}\pm\frac{1}{R_2}\right);\quad I=\frac{P}{S}=\mathcal{W}v;\quad I\sim\omega^4;

d\sin\varphi=k\lambda;\quad \lambda_m=\frac{b}{T};\quad I=\frac{I_0}{2};\quad I=I_0\cos^2\alpha;\quad I=\frac{\Phi}{\Omega};

E=\frac{\Phi}{S}=\frac{I}{R^2}\cos\varphi;\quad E=h\nu;\quad p=\frac{h\nu}{c}=\frac{h}{\lambda};\quad I=\frac{N}{S\cdot t}h\nu;

h\nu=A_{ch}+E_k^{max};\quad E_k^{max}=eU_{yop};\quad h\nu_{min}=\frac{hc}{\lambda_{max}}=A_{ch};

E_n=\frac{E_1}{n^2};\quad E_1=-13{,}6\ eV;\quad h\nu=E_n-E_m;\quad m_ev_nr_n=n\hbar;

r_n=n^2r_B;\quad v_n=\frac{v_1}{n};\quad E_{bog'}=\Delta mc^2;\quad E_{sol}=\frac{E_{bog'}}{A};

A=-\frac{dN}{dt};\quad N=N_0e^{-\lambda t}=N_0 2^{-\frac{t}{T}};\quad \lambda T=\ln 2\approx0{,}7;

\tau=\frac{\tau_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}};\quad l=l_0\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}};\quad \rho=\frac{\rho_0}{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}};\quad v=\frac{v_1+v_2}{1\pm\frac{v_1v_2}{c^2}};

m=\frac{m_0}{\sqrt{1-\frac{v^2}{c^2}}};\quad E_0=m_0c^2;\quad E=mc^2;\quad \vec{p}=m\vec{v};

E_k=(m-m_0)c^2;\quad E^2-c^2p^2=m_0^2c^4.

Moddalar va ularning xossalari / Вещества и их свойства

Zichlik (kg/m$^3$) / Плотность

Modda	Zichlik
benzin	700
kerosin	800
suv (4 °C)	1000
spirt	800
simob	13600
alyuminiy	2700
muz	900
mis	8900
po'lat	7800
temir	7800

Solishtirma issiqlik sig'imi (J/(kg·K)) / Удельная теплоёмкость

Modda	Qiymat
alyuminiy	900
mis	380
muz	2100
oltin	120
rux	400
suv	4200
temir	450
cho'yan	500

Molyar massa (g/mol) / Молярная масса

Modda	M
argon (Ar)	40
azot ( $N_2$ )	28
geliy (He)	4
neon (Ne)	20
havo	29
suv ( $H_2O$ )	18
karbonad angidrid ( $CO_2$ )	44
mis (Cu)	64
alyuminiy (Al)	27
kislorod ( $O_2$ )	32
vodorod ( $H_2$ )	2

Boshqa kattaliklar

Kattalik	Qiymat
Muzning solishtirma erish issiqligi (0 °C)	$330\cdot10^{3}\ \text{J/kg}$
Suvning solishtirma bug'lanish issiqligi (100 °C)	$2{,}3\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$
Benzinning yonish issiqligi	$46\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$
Neftning yonish issiqligi	$44\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$
Spirtning yonish issiqligi	$29\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$
Tabiiy gazning yonish issiqligi	$44\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$
Toshko'mirning yonish issiqligi	$29\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$
Yog'ochning yonish issiqligi	$10\cdot10^{6}\ \text{J/kg}$

Sirt taranglik koeffitsiyenti (20 °C), $10^-3$ N/m

Modda	Qiymat
benzin	21
kerosin	24
suv	73
spirt	22
sovun eritmasi	40
simob	510

O'tkazgichlarning solishtirma qarshiligi (20 °C), $10^-8\ \Omega\cdot$m

Modda	Qiymat
mis	1,7
alyuminiy	2,8
volfram	5,5
temir	9,8
nikelin	40
nixrom	110

Nur sindirish ko'rsatkichi / Показатель преломления

Modda	n
suv	$4/3$
shisha	1,5
yoqut	1,76
olmos	2,42

Ayrim birliklar o'rtasidagi munosabat va normal sharoit

Munosabat	Qiymat
0 °C	$273\ \text{K}$
1 u	$1{,}66\cdot10^{-27}\ \text{kg}$
1 eV	$1{,}6\cdot10^{-19}\ \text{J}$
1 mm Hg	$133{,}3\ \text{Pa}$
Normal bosim	$10^{5}\ \text{Pa}$
Normal temperatura	$0\ ^\circ\text{C}$

Shartli belgilar / Условные обозначения

× ×— magnit induksiya chiziqlari o'quvchidan qog'oz tekisligiga tik yo'nalgan
• •— magnit induksiya chiziqlari qog'oz tekisligidan o'quvchiga tik yo'nalgan
⊕— o'tkazgichdagi tok o'quvchidan qog'oz tekisligiga tik yo'nalgan
⊙— o'tkazgichdagi tok qog'oz tekisligidan o'quvchiga tik yo'nalgan

Eslatma: bu formulalar yordam sifatida tavsiya qilinadi.

Jismning harakat tenglamasi

x = -10 + 12t - 2t^2

[m] qonuniyat bo'yicha o'zgarmoqda. Uning to'xtaguncha bosib o'tadigan masofasini (m) aniqlang.

Jism boshlang'ich tezliksiz 5 s davomida 7,5 m masofa bosdi. Keyin 12 s davomida o'zgarmas tezlik bilan harakat qildi. So'ngra 6 s da esa tekis sekinlashib to'xtadi. Jismning oxirgi 12 s ichidagi o'rtacha tezligini (m/s) aniqlang.

Tebranish chastotasi 200 Hz bo'lgan jismning tebranish davrini (ms) aniqlang.

To'la sirtining yuzasi 96 cm

^2

bo'lgan kubning massasi 160 g ga teng. Kub tayyorlangan moddaning zichligini aniqlang.

Bir kuch

m_1

massali jismga 2 m/s

^2

tezlanish,

m_2

massali jismga 6 m/s

^2

tezlanish bera oladi. Shu kuch

m_1 - m_2

massali jismga qanday tezlanish bera oladi?

Rasmdan foydalanib

O

nuqtaga ta'sir etayotgan natijaviy kuchni aniqlang. Har bir katakcha tomonini 1 N deb qabul qiling.

m

massali

OA

sterjen rasmda ko'rsatilgandek muvozanatda turibdi. Bunda:

m = 2

kg,

OA = 1,5

m va

\sin\alpha = 0,8

F

kuchning

O

nuqtaga nisbatan kuch momentini (N

\cdot

m) aniqlang.

Avtomobil ballonlari va sirt orasidagi ishqalanish koeffitsiyenti 4 marta kamaysa, avtomobilning tormozlanish masofasida qanday o'zgarish bo'ladi?

Yer atrofida 6400 km radiusli aylana bo'ylab harakat qilayotgan 4 kg massali jismning kinetik energiyasini (MJ) hisoblang.

10.

Pastki qismida teshigi bo'lgan idishga har sekundda 0,3

l

suv quyilmoqda. Suv sathi 5 cm ga yetgach, ko'tarilmay qo'ydi. Teshik yuzasini (cm

^2

) toping.

11.

Neft saqlanayotgan katta idishda aylanish natijasida girdob hosil bo'ldi. Girdob markazidagi sath bilan chekkadagi sath orasidagi balandlik farqi 0,45 m ni tashkil etdi. Aylanish oqibatida hosil bo'lgan neft oqimining chetki nuqtadagi tezligini toping. Havoning qarshiligi va ichki ishqalanish hisobga olinmasin.

12.

x = A\cos\omega t

qonuniyat bilan garmonik tebranayotgan jismning tezligi ifodasini ko'rsating.

13.

5 mol

CO_2

gazidagi kislorod atomlari sonini aniqlang.

14.

Ideal gazning hajmi

p/\sqrt{T} = \text{const}

qonuniyat bo'yicha 4 marta kamaydi. Bunda gazning ichki energiyasi qanday o'zgardi?

15.

20 g geliy gazi temperaturasi o'zgarmas bosim sharoitida 20

^\circ

C ga orttirildi. Gazning bajargan ishini (J) aniqlang.

16.

^\circ

C haroratli katta muz ustiga mis bo'lagi qo'yildi. Mis muzga to'liq botishi uchun u qanday boshlang'ich haroratda (

^\circ

C) bo'lishi kerak?

17.

Vakuumda joylashgan nuqtaviy zaryadning o'zidan

r

masofada hosil qilgan maydon kuchlanganligi 8,82 V/m ga teng bo'lsa, uning kerosin ichida shu masofadagi maydon kuchlanganligi qancha (V/m) bo'ladi? Kerosin uchun dielektrik singdiruvchanlik 2,1 ga teng.

18.

Quyida cheksiz kondensatorlar sistemasi tasvirlangan. Sistemaning to'la sig'imini aniqlang.

19.

q

zaryadga ega sharning radiusi 4 marta orttirilsa, uning elektr maydon energiyasi qanday o'zgaradi?

20.

Sig'imi

C

bo'lgan zaryadlangan kondensator plastinkalari qarshiligi

R

bo'lgan o'tkazgich orqali tutashtirildi. Kondensator zaryadining 0,1 % qismi o'tkazgich orqali o'tishi uchun qancha vaqt kerak bo'ladi?

21.

Al^{+3}

ioni elektroliz jarayonida

5\cdot96500

C ga teng zaryad oqib o'tdi. Ajralib chiqqan moddaning miqdorini (mol) aniqlang.

22.

Vakuumli diodda katod va anod orasidagi kuchlanish 48 V. Anodga yetib borayotgan elektronlarning minimal kinetik energiyasini (eV) aniqlang.

23.

Induksiyasi 0,25 T bo'lgan bir jinsli magnit maydonga 20 cm

^2

yuzali ramka joylashtirildi. Agar ramkadan 0,6 A tok oqayotgan bo'lsa, ramkani aylantiruvchi maksimal kuch momentini (N

\cdot

m) aniqlang.

24.

Tajribalar natijasida bir jinsli magnit maydonda joylashgan tokli ramkaga ta'sir etuvchi eng katta moment 4,8 N

\cdot

m ekani aniqlandi. Ramka yuzasi 0,25 m

^2

va undan o'tayotgan tok 3 A ga teng bo'lsa, magnit maydon induksiyasini (T) aniqlang.

25.

G'altakdagi tok kuchi

I = 2,4 + 1,6t

[A] qonuniyat bo'yicha o'zgarmoqda. Agar g'altak induktivligi

L = 5

mH bo'lsa, unda hosil bo'layotgan o'zinduksiya EYuK ini (mV) toping.

26.

O'zgaruvchan tok zanjiriga qarshiliklari mos ravishda 8

\Omega

, 11

\Omega

va 5

\Omega

bo'lgan aktiv, induktiv va sig'im qarshiliklar ketma-ket ulangan. Zanjirdagi quvvat koeffitsiyentini toping.

27.

A

nuqta rasmda ko'rsatilgandek vertikal 8 m/s tezlik bilan,

MN

yassi ko'zgu esa gorizontal 3 m/s tezlik bilan chapga tomon harakatlanmoqda.

A

nuqtaning ko'zgudagi tasvirining yerga nisbatan tezligini (m/s) toping.

28.

Fokus masofasi 20 cm bo'lgan linzada buyumning to'g'ri va mavhum tasviri hosil qilindi. Linza va tasvir orasidagi masofa 60 cm ga teng. Linzaning kattalashtirishini toping.

29.

Muhitda 2 zarra bir-biriga tomon

0,7c

0,4c

tezlikda harakat qilmoqda. Ularning nisbiy tezligi qanday bo'ladi?

c

— yorug'likning vakuumdagi tezligi.

30.

Bor nazariyasiga ko'ra, vodorod atomi elektronining orbita radiusi ortsa, uning kinetik energiyasi qanday o'zgargan?

31.

Elektron va pozitron juftligi annigilyatsiyalanganda 2 ta gamma kvantini hosil qiladi. Dastlab, zarralarning boshlang'ich tezliklari juda kichik bo'lgan bo'lsa, hosil bo'lgan har bir gamma kvantning energiyasini aniqlang.

m_e

— elektron va pozitronning massasi.

32.

Geliy yadrosining bog'lanish energiyasi 27 MeV ga teng. Uning solishtirma bog'lanish energiyasi qanchaga (MeV/nuklon) teng?

Topshiriqlar (33-35) va javob variantlari (A-F) ni o'zaro moslashtiring.

33-35.

Quyida massalari teng bo'lgan ikki diskning o'zaro friksion bog'lanishi tasvirlangan.

Javob variantlari:

Savol	A	B	C	D	E	F
33. $1-6$ nuqtalarning qaysi birida tezlanish eng katta?
34. 2, 4 va 6 nuqtalardan qaysi birining tezligi eng kichik?
35. $1-6$ nuqtalarning qaysi biriga eng kichik kuch ta'sir qiladi?

36.

Balandligi 3 m, uzunligi esa 5 m bo'lgan qiya tekislikdan jism sirpanib tushishni boshladi. Uning qiyalik oxiridagi tezligi 6 m/s ga teng.

a) Qiya tekislikning foydali ish koeffitsiyentini (%) toping.

b) Jism va qiyalik orasidagi ishqalanish koeffitsiyentini toping.

37.

1 kg massali sharcha 3 m/s tezlik bilan sharqqa, 0,5 kg massali sharcha esa 8 m/s tezlik bilan janubga harakatlanmoqda.

a) Sistema massa markazining tezligini (m/s) aniqlang.

b) Sharchalar noelastik to'qnashganda sistemaning energiyasi qanchaga (J) kamaygan?

38.

Rubob torining uzunligi 0,9 m, torining massasi 3 g va torning taranglik kuchi 3 N ga teng.

a) Tor tebranishlarining tarqalish tezligini (m/s) toping.

b) Torning taranglik kuchi 4 marta ortsa, to'lqin tezligi necha marta ortadi.

39.

Og'zi ochiq idish ichidagi gaz 200 K haroratdan 400 K haroratgacha qizdirildi. So'ngra idish germetik berkitilib harorati 320 K gacha sovitildi.

a) Birinchi holatda gaz bosimi qanday o'zgargan?

b) Ikkinchi holatda gaz bosimi qanday o'zgargan?

40.

Ichida 40 kPa bosim va

12\cdot10^{30}

ta molekulasi bor idish 25 kPa bosimli va

5\cdot10^{30}

ta molekulasi bor idish kran orqali tutashtirilgan.

T = \text{const}

a) Kran ochib yuborilsa, idishda qanday bosim (kPa) qaror topadi?

b) Kran ochilgandan so'ng birinchi idishdagi bosim qanchaga (kPa) kamayadi?

41.

M

massali va qo'zg'almas

Q

zaryad atrofida

r

radiusli orbita bo'ylab

m

massali va

-q

zaryadli zarracha aylanma harakat qilmoqda. Bunda:

M \gg m

Q > 0

q > 0

va o'zaro gravitatsion ta'sirni inobatga olmang.

-q

zaryadning tezligini aniqlang.

-q

zaryadning kinetik energiyasini toping.

42.

O'zgaruvchan tok zanjiriga qarshiliklari mos ravishda 12

\Omega

, 24

\Omega

va 8

\Omega

bo'lgan aktiv, sig'im va induktiv qarshiliklar ketma-ket ulangan.

a) Quvvat koeffitsiyentini aniqlang.

b) Zanjirdagi umumiy qarshilikni (

\Omega

) toping.

43.

2 mikrogramm massaga ega chang zarrachasi bilan

12c/13

tezlikda harakatlanayotgan protonning impulslari o'zaro teng.

c

— yorug'likning vakuumdagi tezligi.

a) Protonning impulsini (kg

\cdot

m/s) aniqlang.

b) Chang zarrachasining tezligini (m/s) aniqlang.

44.

Zarrachaning impulsi

p

ga, to'la energiyasi esa

4pc

ga teng. Bir olim zarrachani ikkinchi sanoq sistemasidan kuzatganda uning impulsi

2p

ekanini aniqladi.

a) Zarrachaning tinchlikdagi massasini toping.

b) Zarrachaning impulsi

2p

bo'lgandagi to'la energiyasini toping.

45.

t = 6

daqiqa davomida radioaktiv moddaning

15/16

qismi yemirildi.

a) Moddaning yarim yemirilish davrini (s) toping.

b) Yarim yemirilish doimiysini (1/s) toping.